{"value"=>"<p>Compiled by Edith Wynner, this series documents Schwimmer's naturalization attempts, the U.S. Supreme Court case United States v Schwimmer, her interest in the naturalization cases of others, and her efforts on behalf of European refugees from World War II. Records related to the case United States v Schwimmer document her application and rejection for citizenship, subsequent court case and appeal, and her ongoing conceptualization of the issue up until the time of her death.</p> <p>Materials consist of correspondence; annotated copies of transcripts, briefs and other documents relevant to her case; naturalization petitions and related documents; Schwimmer's own trial notes; papers related to her compliance with alien registration requirements in the early 1940s; and one folder of letters exchanged with Justices Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and Felix Frankfurter. Also present are copies of printed matter citing the Schwimmer case as precedent or mentioning Rosika Schwimmer, miscellaneous newspaper clippings, and a subject file on Justice Holmes. A fair amount of the correspondence in this series appears to be duplicate copies of letters housed in Series I. Correspondence, although the Holmes letters are present in the original.</p> <p>Papers related to the questions of naturalization and the citizenship difficulties of others include a file on Rebecca Shelley, and a miscellaneous file containing correspondence on several other cases, many of which are related to conscientious objectors and citizenship.</p> <p>The papers of Olive Rabe and the Griffin-O'Day Bill Committee, originally arranged with these materials, were deemed to constitute distinct collections and have been removed from Rosika Schwimmer's papers. For further information on these and other Schwimmer-Lloyd collections, please see the Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection finding aid.</p> <p>Finally, the series ends with a box of letters recording Schwimmer's attempts, between 1939 and 1942, to locate sponsors and immigration affidavits for European Jews, Catholics, suffragists, pacifists, and others likely to be persecuted under fascist regimes. Her project was complicated by the fact that resident aliens were not permitted to vouch for immigrants. Schwimmer, therefore, engaged in a letter-writing campaign to cultivate American sponsors for the friends, family, colleagues, and even strangers she was hoping to rescue. These refugees hailed from Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Spain, and Yugoslavia. Many of the letters from refugees included resumes and photographs. Documentation present in this section indicates Schwimmer was able to obtain an affidavit for the feminist Eugenie Miskolczy Meller.</p> <p>From 1944 through 1946, Schwimmer directed her efforts toward providing food and monetary relief to those contacts still remaining in Europe. The papers collected here contain correspondence with possible sponsors, as well as aid recipients in France, Germany, Hungary, Italy and Romania. Also included are itemized lists of packages sent to particular individuals, including Camille Drevet, Michael Karolyi and Ignazio Silone.</p> <p>The refugee relief materials are in German, Hungarian, English and French.</p>"}