{"value"=>"<p>Rosika Schwimmer collected materials documenting what she perceived as defamation of her character. These papers cover a range of incidents from petty conflicts to full-fledged lawsuits. Her concern also extended to libelous statements against her colleagues in the peace movement, Albert Einstein and Frederick J. Libby, among others.</p> <p>During the reactionary period of the first \"Red Scare\" (1917-1921), Schwimmer was publicly accused of being, alternately, a Communist, a German sympathizer, an anarchist, and the cause of Henry Ford's anti-Semitism. These materials represent her reactions to the anti-immigrant, anti-Communist and anti-leftist hysteria pervading America during this period, and document her attempts to defend her name and reclaim her public image. In particular, Schwimmer felt she had suffered a real financial loss due to the attacks against her, as her lecture contracts went from netting her an average of $3,000 in 1915 (as noted in the June 14, 1922 \"Notes of a Spy's Interview with Me\"), to a mere trickle in the 1920s.</p> <p>A large section of this series focuses on Schwimmer's relationship with Henry Ford. In the years following the Ford Peace Expedition, many in the American media blamed Schwimmer for Henry Ford's increasingly vocal anti-Semitism. The materials she collected on Ford largely focus on her attempts to contact him in later years, requesting that he publicly exonerate her of any responsibility for his views. Arranged in this series are publications which examine his anti-Semitism. Also included are materials collected and produced by Schwimmer in an apparent attempt to prove Ford's involvement in anti-Semitic organizations, through his association with W.J. Cameron of the Anglo-Saxon Federation of America.</p> <p>Researchers are advised that the name \"Elaine G. Sanders,\" featured in the files on Edith Wynner and Georgia Lloyd's attempts to contact Ford, is a pseudonym for Edith Wynner. The papers related to Fred Marvin, Executive Director of the anti-Communist patriotic society Key Men of America, and editor-in-chief of the New York Commercial, pertain to a pamphlet he published in 1926, \"Ye Shall Know the Truth.\" The publication attacked pacifists, socialists and other \"radicals,\" labeling them as anti-American. Publication of the pamphlet, which was particularly scathing about Schwimmer, led her to sue for libel, primarily based on her assertion that the charges of Communism were patently false. The verdict was found in her favor.</p> <p>Schwimmer's case against Upton Sinclair and William Fox was based on their portrayal of her in the book Upton Sinclair Presents William Fox. In the book, for which Sinclair interviewed Fox regarding his interactions with Henry Ford, Fox claimed the Ford Peace Expedition was an advertising gimmick to sell more cars. Incensed at Fox's insinuation that she had reported this fact to him, Schwimmer wrote to Sinclair. Despite several exchanges in which she requested he retract his statements, the book remained in its original state and she filed suit. In an ironic twist, correspondence in this series indicates that during the Marvin case, Sinclair himself referred Schwimmer to the attorney whom she would later hire to sue him as well. Her suit, however, was not successful.</p> <p>Materials in this series include correspondence, research notes, case filings and briefs, copies of Marvin's and Sinclair's publications (including evidence of their published attacks), texts of lectures and \"daily data sheets\" of the Key Men of America, newspaper clippings, and other printed matter. Prominent correspondents include Roger Baldwin, Carrie Chapman Catt, Freda Kirchwey, Arthur Garfield Hays, Olive Rabe, Lola Maverick Lloyd, Fred Marvin, Alice Park, Romain Rolland, and Upton Sinclair.</p>"}