Jeff Duncan was born in Texas. His decision to become a dancer was made while he was in college. In New York, he studied dance with Hanya Holm, Alwin Nikolais, Jose Limon, among others, and choreography with Doris Humphrey and Anna Sokolow. He was a principal dancer in Anna Sokolow's company, appeared in Broadway and television shows, and began presenting his own choreography in New York in 1957.
He was the founder and guiding force of Dance Theater Workshop [DTW] from 1965 to 1975. He resigned in 1975 to devote full time to his own group, the Jeff Duncan Dance Repertory Company, and to teaching and choreographing as artist-in-residence at colleges and universities.
Duncan had been working on a history of the first decade of Dance Theater Workshop, tentatively titled “Dance Theater Workshop:The First Decade.”