Found 23 collections related to African Americans -- Segregation

The Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training was a racial advocacy group that protested biases against Americans of African descent in the United States armed forces. Lobbying efforts consisted of direct appeals to government representatives, mass rallies, and citizens' hearings with elected officials, civil rights leaders, and retired army personnel. Affiliated organizations included the Committee to End Segregation in the Armed Forces, the League for Non-Violent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation, and the Commission of Inquiry into the Effect of Segregation and Discrimination on the Morale and Development of the Negro Soldier. Grant Reynolds, a World War II veteran and former army captain, and A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Association, served as co-chairs. This collection consists of correspondence, telegrams, memoranda, transcripts of hearings, and printed matter of the Committee Against Jim Crow in Military Service and Training and affiliated organizations and individuals advocating for equal treatment of African Americans in the United States armed forces. less

James Reese Europe, Jr., son of the well-known African-American musician James Reese Europe (1881-1919) and dancer Bessie Simms, was a seaman in the Merchant Marines during World War II. In 1942 the Marine Firemen's, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers Association attempted to have Europe discharged in direct violation of Presidential Order 8802 of the Fair Employment Act. With the support of the War Manpower Commission and many on board the ship, Europe was permitted to continue in his position. Over time he moved up from wiper (entry-level position) to deck engineer, and with his captain's recommendation he attended officer's candidate school and returned to sea as an ensign in the U.S. Maritime Service. By the time of his discharge in 1946, Europe had been promoted to lieutenant and had received recognition for his work in the Middle East, Pacific and Atlantic war zones. The James Reese Europe, Jr. Papers consists primarily of photocopies of documents related to a case of discrimination during World War II in direct violation of Executive Order 8802, involving James Reese Europe, Jr. and the Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers Association in San Francisco (1942). Several documents provide the details of the case from the perspective of the Bay Area Council Against Discrimination, which assisted Europe in presenting his case to the Committee on Fair Employment Practices and to the War Manpower Commission. The union's viewpoint is also represented. Included are originals and copies of certificates, awards, and discharge papers, in addition to letters and documents dealing with his termination from the New York City Police Department on charges of alleged subversive activities related to the aforementioned discrimination case. less

Papers covering Smythe's professional career centering upon research, writing, and university teaching in the fields of sociology and anthropology, with special emphasis on East Asian and African studies. Correspondence including that written about his fieldwork in Nigeria. Smythe's manuscripts for articles, books, book reviews, and speeches pertaining to Africa, Nigeria, Japan, and race relations in the United States. Preliminary data relates to Hugh and Mabel Smythe's book, THE NEW NIGERIAN ELITE (1960). Material relating to Smythe's professional interests and activities includes syllabi, bibliographies, and lecture notes pertaining to his teaching at Yamaguchi National University (Yamaguchi Daigaku) in Japan and Brooklyn College. Also included is material illustrating Smythe's extra-academic interests including United Nations affairs, Crossroads Africa, and civil rights activities. The papers of Mabel Smythe (Hugh Symthe's wife) include a scrapbook, manuscripts, and some correspondence. Of particular interest is her research material on segregation in education, which was used by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People legal staff in the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education barring segregation in public schools. Also, manuscripts of articles and speeches, and some correspondence by W.E.B. Du Bois including "Economic Illiteracy," 1947, and "Race Relations in the U.S.," 1948. less

The Frederick O'Neal Papers document the theatrical, labor, and civic activities of this actor and labor leader, mostly from the 1940s through the 1990s. The collection consists primarily of personal papers, correspondence, speeches and addresses, writing, and information about the theatrical productions in which he appeared. There are also research materials about the 19th century African-American actor, Ira Aldridge, and files pertaining to the many organizations with which O'Neal was associated. less

High school teacher and civil rights advocate in New York City. Correspondence, political files, and printed material documenting Lane's opposition to racial discrimination and war. Includes letters from World War II soldiers relating to discrimination in the military, and material on the 14th amendment, National Committee on Rural Schools, and the Socialist Party, on whose ticket Lane ran for office. less

The Riverton was a seven-building complex built by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company in 1947, one of four complexes they built during the 1940s. The complex was bounded by 135th and 138th Streets, Fifth Avenue, and Harlem River Drive. The Riverton Houses collection consists of a variety of material but does not constitute records of the Riverton. These files came from the Administration offices at 2156 Madison Avenue. Included is a file for Clifford L. Alexander, Sr., the first resident manager (1947-1964) of the complex. There are also miscellaneous files dealing with the management of the Riverton, including the position description for the resident manager; descriptive information regarding the Riverton; and letters regarding street lights, parking signs, and traffic conditions affecting the residents of the Riverton. less

Annette H. Peyser was a socio-economic analyst with the office of the Special Counsel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1946-1953. This collection consists of personal and professional papers of Annette H. Peyser. The professional matter, the bulk of the collection, relates to the NAACP's fight against segregation in housing; it includes a letter from Roy Wilkins to President Harry Truman and a letter from Robert Weaver to Thurgood Marshall; speeches by Marshall, Weaver, and Frank Horne; memoranda and research reports from Peyser to Walter White and Marshall; and legal briefs and minutes. less

Case files from the Louisiana Civil Rights Congress including pamphlets, legal transcripts and briefs, press releases, news clippings, and correspondence which documents the legal activities of the Congress, particularly its attempt to secure justice for Paul Washington and Ocie Jugger, both sentenced to death on rape charges. Material from Johnson's hearing before the House Un-American Activities Committee, 1957; and manuscripts and materials from his research for several writing projects, including "Marxism and the Negro," "Mask of Justice," and a "Glossary of Twenty-five Historic Civil Rights Cases." Also, notes, source materials, and manuscripts of his extensive writings on civil liberties and segregation, together with material concerning a trip through the South in 1957. less

The Carnegie-Myrdal Study of the Negro in America research memoranda collection consists of twenty-nine memoranda prepared by the team of social scientists; letters from Frederick Keppel, president of the Carnegie Corporation, establishing the project; correspondence between Keppel and Gunnar Myrdal; memoranda of interviews with Myrdal and the social scientists who wrote the reports; and files for the Committee on Selection. less

The "Selma Last Year" exhibition commemorates the Civil Rights March from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, that took place in March 1965. A multimedia show, it was the result of the collaborative work of Bruce Davidson, photographer; Terry Riley, who was responsible for the sound score; and Ken Dewey (Kenneth), who conceived of the idea for the production and handled the recording. The show "Selma Last Year" opened at the First Unitarian Church of Chicago on the first anniversary of the Selma to Montgomery march. It subsequently was exhibited at the annual conference of the Medical Committee for Human Rights, various Chicago Neighborhood Houses, an Outdoor Salute to NAACP Harper Court in Chicago, and the Fourth Annual New York Film Festival at Philharmonic Hall, New York City. The "Selma Last Year" collection documents the background and creation of this multimedia exhibit. The collection encompasses production related documentation as well as articles covering related civil rights activities. There is also some biographical material for Ken Dewey, including a program for a New York State Council on the Arts tribute to Dewey and Donald Harper. The collection contains a list of the photographs, slides and audiotapes used in the exhibit; some financial material detailing expenditures; and correspondence, both congratulatory and requests for the show. less

This collection consists of biographical material, programs, catalogs, printed material about Carver, plant specimens, and correspondence. Most of the correspondence is between Carver and Ford Davis, a white scientist employed at the Tom Houston Peanut Company in Georgia. In their letters, they discuss Carver's health problems, aspirations, and plans, and lament the fact that Carver's being Black prevents him and Davis from working together as fellow scientists. less

The Lincoln Lynch collection consists of personal and professional material. Personal papers, though limited, include a letter from his wife revealing the pressure of Lynch's position on their marriage; certificates; and a resume. The Professional papers, which make up the bulk of the collection, contain materials from his various positions, beginning with his employment at the British Overseas Airways Corp. and ending with his position at ECHO (Executive Council Housing Organizing). The majority of the professional series, however, is comprised of material related to Lynch's involvement with the Lakeview community's civil rights groups and his work at LI CORE. The Lakeview community files contain correspondence, including a lot of hate mail, some personally addressed to Lynch; flyers for meetings and demonstrations; calls to action; newsletters; and printed matter (mostly news clippings). The papers pertaining to CORE include by-laws; correspondence, statements, meeting agendas and minutes, reports, membership lists, newsletters, and printed matter (again, mostly news clippings). Some of the correspodence is from CORE members, seeking the organization's aid in their struggle against discrimination, and students, expressing interest in CORE's activities. Additionally, there are invitations for Lynch to speak, which include his speeches and notes. Much of the correspondence, however, is not from or to Lynch but from or to the national headquarters of CORE and its director, Floyd McKissick. Notable correspondents include Roy Wilkins, Adam Clayton Powell, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Innis, and Eugene T. Reed. The LI Core materials also consist of materials relating to conferences; collaborations with other community organizations such as the Rockville Center, Hempstead Economic Council, and Nassau County Legal Services; printed matter from other civil rights organizations, such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); and published and unpublished writing by others about various civil rights issues. The rest of the Professional series contains limited information, mostly correspondence, about Lynch's positions after CORE; writing samples (most of which are fragments); and printed matter about Lynch (mostly news clippings). The final series, Subject files, contains printed matter (mostly news clippings) pertaining to the Civil Rights Movement, Black Power, school and housing integration, and the war in Vietnam, among others. less

Kenneth B. Clark founded and directed the Metropolitan Applied Research Center (MARC), a non-profit research corporation concerned with the problems of American urban society. This collection consists mainly of reports and studies accumulated or researched under the auspices of MARC. less

George Marshall was a leading advocate for the abolition of the Un-American Activities Committee of the United States House of Representatives, a noted conservationist, and a pioneer in the U.S. civil rights movement. The George Marshall collection documents Marshall's involvement in the 1940s with civil rights issues, his legal defense against a contempt citation from the House Un-American Activities Committee, and his management of the Robert Marshall Foundation's grant-making program. less

The National Negro Congress was established, in 1936, to "secure the right of the Negro people to be free from Jim Crowism, segregation, discrimination, lynching, and mob violence" and "to promote the spirit of unity and cooperation between Negro and white people." This collection includes the files of executive secretaries John P. Davis, Edward Strong, and Revels Cayton, as well as financial records. less

Alexander Gibbons was a community activist and president of the Albany branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1942. This collection consists of letters and other documents pertaining to racial discrimination in a Catholic school, at a restaurant and in housing in Albany, New York. less

This collection contains an advance draft of the "Utilization of Negro Manpower in the Army: A 1951 Study", and a copy of The Reporter (December 1954) which includes Leo Bogart's article. There are also several reports including "The Army and Its Negro Soldiers"; "The Utilization of Negro Troops in Korea: A Report on a Field Survey", June 1951; and "The Utilization of Negro Troops in Korea: A Supplementary Report", September 1951. Additionally, there are copies of correspondence between Bogart and officials concerning the declassification of the "Utilization of Negro Manpower.". less

The McLaurin family--George W. McLaurin, (1887-1968), Peninah S. McLaurin (1893-1966), and Dunbar Simms McLaurin (1920-1973)--are regarded as one of Oklahoma's history-making black families in the areas of civil rights, desegregation, and economics. The McLaurin family collection comprises a dismantled scrapbook of newspaper clippings on segregation in Oklahoma schools and higher education, the McLaurin (George W.) desegregation case, the drive to end segregation in the educational system throughout the United States, the relationship between U.S. politics and civil rights, Southern reaction to Supreme Court desegregation rulings, and related information, 1948-1973. There are also obituary notices and funeral programs for the McLaurins (1966-1972); personal and career information (e.g., resumes and curriculum vitae) for Dunbar McLaurin; and letters, newspaper, and magazine clippings by and about Dunbar McLaurin. less

Lyonel C. Florant, an African American economist, was employed by the Carnegie Corporation's "Study of the Negro in America" project. Florant authored several documents for the project, and he, along with others, completed the report, "Negro Population Movements, 1860 to 1940: In Relation to Social and Economic Factors". The Lyonel C. Florant papers consist of reports and some research files Florant prepared and gathered primarily regarding African American migration and population studies across the country, mostly for the Negro in America study. less