Found 3 collections related to Azanian People's Organization

The Black Consciousness Movement emerged as a political trend in South Africa in the late 1960s, in the decade after the banning of the African National Congress and the Pan Africanist Congress by the South African regime. The collection documents a primarily youth-based radical critique of the apartheid system, of the ANC's Freedom Charter and its moderate leadership in negotiating a transition to white rule in South Africa. The South Africa Black Consciousness Movement Collection consists primarily of interviews, speeches, organizational materials and printed matter documenting the politics and activities of Black Consciousness organizations in and outside of South Africa from 1983 to 1991. It comprises interviews and speeches by BCM leaders Itumeleng J. Mosala, Ishmael Mkhabela and Lybon Mabasa; interviews with black South African exiles, and anti-apartheid activists within South Africa; leaflets, declarations and factsheets of the Azanian People's Organization and the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania (BCM (A)); miscellaneous files on the New Unity Movement, the Pan Africanist Congress and other non BCM organizations; and subject files on churches, trade-unions, white organizations inside South Africa, and the State of Emergency declared by the South African government in 1985. An organization file for Indaba, a Durban-based experiment in power-sharing, and a collection of essays entitled "War Stories" by an independent American journalist, Michael Slate, are also included. less

In 1984-1985, during a State of Emergency in South Africa, the apartheid government banned AZAPO and other Black Consciousness movements for the second time. The apartheid government became notorious for its use of State of Emergencies in an attempt to exert complete control over Black, Colored, and Indian South Africans. The apartheid government's complete clamp-down of citizens' rights resulted in the numerous house arrests of influential anti-apartheid leaders, and the detaining of 2346 people under the Internal Security Act, in the attempts of ending internal resistance to the state's power. Under the State of Emergency, the apartheid government militarized and heavily policed all aspects of South African society-- which heightened feelings of mutual tension, paranoia, and distrust between South Africans. Though effective in disrupting a number of anti-apartheid organizations by arresting a number of their leaders, the State of Emergency was not effective in "governing the ungovernable" townships, as violent protests and fierce resistance continued against the state. The Delmas Treason Trial, held in December 1988 in South Africa, accused 22 individuals, including Baleka Kgositsle, Popo Molefe, Patrick "Terror" Lekota, and Moses Chikane, of treason. This trial was the longest running political trial in South Africa's history. It focused on the activities of the United Democratic Front (UDF), the largest organization in South Atrica opposing apartheid by peaceful means. The convictions and harsh sentences delivered made it a "crime" to participate or take a leadership role in the movement of peaceful opposition to apartheid. This collection consists of a photocopy of the decision of the South Africa conspiracy trial in 1988. The records include references to, and police reports on the Release Mandela Campaign of the 1980s, Rivonia, and campaigns for the release of Nelson Mandela and all political prisoners. The records also include state prosecution assessments of witness statements. less

The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a grassroots anti-apartheid movement that emerged in South Africa in the late 1960s led by Steve Biko, an anti-apartheid student activist. The South Africa Black Consciousness Movement audio collection consists of forty-eight audio recordings, primarily of interviews with activists, as well as public events, speeches, talks, and music. less