{"value"=>"<p>The Stokes/Jones sub-series is divided into two sub-subseries, the Anson Phelps Stokes Files (1912-1946) and the Thomas Jesse Jones Files (1912-1946). The Anson Phelps Stokes Files are arranged alphabetically by individual, organization, and subject. They also contain correspondence arranged chronologically reflecting their original order. The bulk of Thomas Jesse Jones's professional correspondence, particularly after 1917, is located in the Anson Phelps Stokes Files. The Thomas Jesse Jones Files include some chronologically arranged professional correspondence, particularly for his early career, personal correspondence, and subject files.</p> <p>The Office Files sub-series for the Stokes/Jones years documents the Fund's early activities in education and housing, as well as the broad range of its contacts and influence. The chronologically arranged material in the Anson Phelps Stokes Files includes many requests for financial assistance received by Anson Phelps Stokes and forwarded to Jones at the Fund offices, first in Washington, D. C. and, after 1919, in New York City. (The Fund's bookkeeping was conducted by the staff of the family owned Phelps Stokes Corporation in New York City until 1938, but most administrative and financial decisions were made by Stokes and Jones with approval of the board.)</p> <p>Financial requests were received primarily from rural southern schools for African Americans for which state funding was low, as well as from missionary schools in Africa. Particularly significant is correspondence and printed material scattered throughout (especially from 1915 to 1919) concerning such historically black schools and colleges as Calhoun, Manassas, Penn School, Fisk, Hampton, Tuskegee, Bethune-Cookman, and Talladega. The letters are often written by northern white trustees of the schools including Oswald Garrison Villard, L. Hollingsworth Wood, William J. Schiefflein, and George Foster Peabody, and describe financial, administrative, and other problems facing these institutions.</p> <p>Also significant is correspondence with foundation officials such as Wallace Buttrick, Abraham Flexner, Leo Favrot, and Jackson Davis of the General Education Board; James Bertram, Frederick Keppel, and Robert Lester of the Carnegie Corporation; Stephen Duggan of the Institute of International Education; James H. Dillard and Arthur Wright of the Jeanes and Slater Funds; as well as other notable figures including Arthur Howe of Hampton Institute; Edward T. Ware of Atlanta University; F. A. McKenzie and Thomas Elsa Jones of Fisk University; Robert R. Moton, Monroe Work, and Emmett Scott of Tuskegee Institute; W. E. B. Du Bois (see particularly 1919-1921); Nannie Burroughs; Thomas J. Woofter; W. D. Weatherford; and Clark Foreman.</p> <p>Additional chronologically arranged correspondence deals with the Fund's earliest involvement in African issues dating from 1916, the First and Second African Education Commissions of the 1920s, the deaths of James E. K. Aggrey and Olivia E. P. Stokes in 1927, Stokes's 1932-1933 sabbatical in Europe and Africa, the Liberian political situation in the 1930s, Jan Smuts's visit to the United States in 1930, and the Marian Anderson controversy of 1939.</p> <p>The remaining Anson Phelps Stokes Files are arranged alphabetically by individual, organization, and subject, and include correspondence of Stokes and Jones with the foundation officials and educators cited above as well as notable African-American personalities such as Claude A. Barnett (Associated Negro Press file), Benjamin Brawley, Ralph J. Bunche (as a member of Gunnar Myrdal's staff for the Negro in America study), Lester Walton, and Carter G. Woodson. Significant material is also included in the files of the NAACP, which contains correspondence with William Pickens, Walter White, and W. E. B. Du Bois concerning the Smuts visit, colonialism, postwar Africa, and segregated schools; the National Urban League; and the Committee on Interracial Cooperation (later the Southern Regional Council), including correspondence with Guy B. Johnson, Will Alexander, and T. J. Woofter regarding financial support for Woofter's <em>Black Yeomanry</em> study, as well as other contemporary racial issues.</p> <p>Correspondence with the administrators of educational institutions such as Howard University (Mordecai Johnson), Bethune-Cookman College (Mary McLeod Bethune), Penn School (Rossa B. Cooley and Howard Kester), Calhoun School (Charlotte Thorn), and Tuskegee Institute (Booker T. Washington), along with articles and memoranda contained in the files of those organizations, often reflects the differing strategies for improving education for African Americans in the South, as well as the turmoil on many campuses in the 1920s, serious financial crises during the depression, and other social and educational issues.</p> <p>There is considerable material concerning the Fund's relationship with various missionary boards and societies in the United States and Great Britain particularly regarding efforts to coordinate educational policy and administration in Africa among the mission boards, colonial powers, and American foundations. This includes printed material and correspondence with Joseph H. Oldham, Georgina Gollack, Emory Ross, Thomas Donohugh, John R. Mott, Edwin W. Smith (British and Foreign Bible Society), Margaret Wrong, James L. Sibley, James E. K. Aggrey, Gordon Guggisberg, the International Missionary Council, International Committee for Christian Literature in Africa, International Institute of African Languages and Culture, YMCA, and mission boards of various Protestant denominations.</p> <p>South African educational and political issues of the 1920s through 1940s are discussed in the correspondence of Charles L. Loram, the South African Institute for Race Relations (John David Rheinallt Jones), the YMCA National Council- South African Work (Max Yergan), and several early letters of Albert B. Xuma. There is additional material in the files of Carnegie Corporation officials Frederick Keppel, Robert Lester, and James Bertram, including a diary of a 1927 trip to South Africa. There is also printed material and correspondence regarding education and colonialism in individual African countries, such as Liberia, Nigeria, and Portuguese East and West Africa, in the subject files.</p> <p>There are significant records of the continuing attempt by Stokes, Du Bois, Benjamin Brawley, and others to create an Encyclopedia of the Negro. They include correspondence and administrative records from 1931 to 1946, which document the conflicts concerning board membership and editorial control, as well as the efforts to obtain funding and material. Only a preparatory volume was published in 1945. Other correspondence in the Anson Phelps Stokes Files concerns Stokes's outside interests such as the Committee on American Negroes in Defense Industries and the Committee on Africa, the War, and Peace Aims. These wartime committees reflect Stokes's influence on political and business leaders, including Franklin D. Roosevelt, regarding their outlook on segregation in the military and industry.</p> <p>Additional correspondence reflects the Fund's support of the arts through support for the Harmon Foundation, artist Betsy Graves Reyneau, musicologist Laura C. Boulton, composer Nicholas George Ballanta (see the George Foster Peabody correspondence), and the film <em>One Tenth of a Nation</em>, as well as the commissioning of sculptor Richmond Barthe in 1934 to draw a portrait of James E. K. Aggrey for distribution to missions and schools throughout Africa.</p>"}