Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits papers

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id: 2735
origination: Herskovits, Melville J. (Melville Jean), 1895-1963
date statement: 1902-1972
key date: 1902
identifier (local_mss): 21226
org unit: Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division
call number: Sc MG 261
b-number: b11938933
total components: 1054
total series: 7
max depth: 5
boost queries: (none)
component layout: Default Layout
Extended MARC Fields: false
Extended Navigation: false
created: 2013-04-01 15:04:33 UTC
updated: 2024-09-11 14:57:20 UTC
status note: (missing)
Display Aeon link: true

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unitid: {"value"=>"21226", "type"=>"local_mss"}

{"value"=>"Sc MG 261", "type"=>"local_call"}

{"value"=>"b11938933", "type"=>"local_b"}
unitdate: {"value"=>"1902-1972", "type"=>"inclusive", "normal"=>"1902/1972"}
unittitle: {"value"=>"Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits papers"}
physdesc: {"format"=>"structured", "physdesc_components"=>[{"name"=>"extent", "value"=>"102 boxes", "unit"=>"containers"}, {"name"=>"extent", "value"=>"42.5 linear feet", "unit"=>"linear_feet"}]}
repository: {"value"=>"Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division"}
abstract: {"value"=>"Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits were American anthropologists who helped establish African and African American studies in American academia. The Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits papers consist of the research data used for their seminal publications on both Old and New World African cultures, manuscripts of their books and published articles, conference papers and materials relating to their careers as academicians, as well as some personal papers."}
langmaterial: {"value"=>"English"}
origination: {"value"=>"Herskovits, Melville J. (Melville Jean), 1895-1963", "type"=>"persname"}
bioghist: {"value"=>"Herskovits Family Chronology: <ul class=\"chronlist\"> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1895 Melville Jean born September 10, Bellafontaine, OH to Herman and Henrietta Hart Herskovits.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1906 Family moves to El Paso, TX due to mother's health.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1911 (?)Mrs. Herskovits dies.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1912 MJH graduates from Erie High School, Erie, PA.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1915 September: MJH enrolls in the University of Cincinnati (— Feb. 1918), Hebrew Union College.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1917 MJH enlists in the U.S. Army</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1918 June: MJH arrives in France to serve in the Army Medical Corps. While there he studies French and Liberal Arts at the Université de Poitiers, and serves on the editorial staff of Les Beaux Jours, the weekly publication for the students of the Université.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1919 July: MJH returns to the U.S.; receives honorable discharge from the Army.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1920 MJH attends the University of Chicago, receiving PhB. degree in June; moves to New York to do graduate work in sociology.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1921 Receives M.A. from Columbia University in anthropology. He rooms for a time with fellow Columbia student, Paul Robeson; Margaret Mead was co-student under Franz Boas.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1923 Receives PhD. in anthropology from Columbia University under Franz Boas. His dissertation \"The Cattle Complex in East Africa\", is the first to apply the ethnological concept of the \"culture-area\", which had previously been applied to native American cultures only, to an African context. MJH begins research into race mixing/physical anthropology. Receives fellowship in anthropology from the Board of Biological Sciences, National Research Council (NRC) through 1926.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1924 Marries Frances S. Shapiro, July 12.Publishes \"Some Observations on the Growth of Colored Boys\" (American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 7, no. 4 (Oct.-Dec. 1924): 439-46); lecturer in anthropology at Columbia University.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1925 Teaches at Howard University with NRC Fellowship; uses access to black population to gather further anthropometric data; publishes \"Preliminary Observations in a Study of Negro-White Crossing\",(Opportunity, 3, no.27(Mar. 1925.): 69-74).</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1926 Returns to New York City and employs Zora Neale Hurston, fellow anthropology student at Columbia University, among others, to gather data on Negro physiometry; resumes lectures at Columbia University.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1927 Finishes \"Negro Race\" manuscript. Moves to Evanston, Illinois to accept position at North Western University's Sociology Department asassistant professor of anthropology.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1928 The American Negro: A Study in Racial Crossing (New York, A.A. Knopf, Inc., 1928) is published. Travels with wife Frances to Surinam (Dutch Guiana) to study \"Bush Negroes\".</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1930 An expanded version of \"The American Negro\", entitled The Anthropometry of the American Negro (New York: Columbia University Press, Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, vol. 11, 1930) is published. In October, first co-author- ship with Frances, \"Bush-Negro Art\", (The Arts, vol. 17, no. 1 (Oct. 1930): 25-37, 48-49), is published. FSH travels to Paris.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1931 February-June spent in West Africa (Dahomey, Gold Coast, Nigeria). MJH is appointed associate professor at Northwestern University.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1933 \"An Outline of Dahomean Religious Belief\" with FSH (American Anthropological Association, Memoir 41:77, Menasha, Wisconsin, 1933) is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1934 MJH elected Vice-President, National Academy of Sciences, A.A.A.S.; conducts field research with Frances in Haiti. Their book, Rebel Destiny: Among the Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana, (New York, Whittlesey House, 1934) is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1935 MJH appointed full professor at Northwestern University. Daughter Jean Frances is born May 20.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1936 Suriname Folklore, with transcriptions of Surinam songs and musicological analysis by Dr. M. Kolinski, written by Melville and Frances,(Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, vol. 27, New York: Columbia University Press, 1936) is published. The Herskovitses work with graduate student William Bascomb and post-graduate students Ralph Bunche and George Eaton Simpson.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1937 MJH receives Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship; the family travels to England; MJH writes \"The Economic Life of Primitive People\". Life in a Haitian Valley (New York: A.A. Knopf, Inc., 1937) and Dahomey, An Ancient West African Kingdom (New York: J.J. Augustin, 1937) are published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1938 MJH appointed Chair of Northwestern's Anthropology Department.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1939 MJH is approached by Gunnar Myrdal for criticism of the research plan for his Carnegie Corporation funded study of the American Negro, (later published as An Amercan Dilemma, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944) and agrees to undertake a research project. MJH and FSH travel to Toco, Trinidad, June-September. MJH becomes Chair of the Committee of Negro Studies, American Council of Learned Societies (-1950), President of the CentralSection of the American Anthropological Association and serves on the Council of Human Relations of the Forestry Service (-1945).</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1940 The Economic Life of Primitive Peoples (New York: A.A. Knopf, Inc., 1940) is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1941 Melville, Frances and Jean leave for Brazil, while there MJH receives the title of Honorary Professor of Anthropology from the Facultad do Filosofia at Bahia. The Myth of the Negro Past (New York: Harper and Bros., 1941), MJH's study for</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1942 MJH served as Chief Consultant of the Board of Economic Warfare.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1945 MJH serves as Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation in Anthropology of the National Research Council (-1946).</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1947 Trinidad Village with FSH, (New York, A.A. Knopf, Inc., 1947) is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1948 MJH is named Director of Northwestern University's Program of African Studies, the first in the United States. Man and His Works, (New York: A.A. Knopf, Inc. 1948) a general anthropology/theoretical text, is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1949 MJH serves as Editor for American Anthropologist (1952), and prepares manuscript of \"Continuity and Change in African Cultures\" with co-editor William Bascomb.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1950 MJH is Editor of the International Directory of Anthropologists.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1952 Economic Anthropology: A Study in Comparative Economics (New York: A.A. Knopf, Inc., 1952) (a rewriting of the 1940 Economic Life of Primitive Peoples) is published. MJH is named a Fulbright Fellow and in December the Herskovitses, with grants from the American Philosophical Society, the United States Education Committee in Great Britain, the Social Science Research Council, and others, embark on a ten-month tour of Africa: Portuguese East Africa, British East Africa, the Eastern part of the Belgian Congo and British Central Africa (Gold Coast and Nigeria, Cameroons, Congo, Angola, Rhodesia, Mozambique, and the Union of South Africa). Jean enters Swarthmore College.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1953 MJH is named Viking Fund Medalist in General Anthropology; his biography of his teacher, Franz Boas, the Science of Life in the Making, (New York and London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1953) is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1954 MJH attends the XXXI Congresso Internacional de Americanists in Sao Paolo, Brazil.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1955 MJH's Cultural Anthropology, an Abridged Revision of Man and His Works, (New York: A.A. Knopf, Inc., 1955) is published; MJH attends the Inter-African Committee for Social Science's Conference on Social Sciences, Bakavu, Belgian Congo.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1956 MJH steps down as Chairman of Northwestern University's Anthropology Department. Jean graduates from Swarthmore.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1957 The Herskovitses make another trans-Africa journey, from Dakar to Durban, arriving for Ghana's Independence celebrations. The findings of their trip were given in testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1958 MJH is elected first President of the African Studies Association. Dahomean Narrative, a Cross-Cultural Analysis, co-authored with FSH (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1958) and Continuity and Change in African Cultures co-editor William Bascomb, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958) are published. MJH travels to Costa Rica and Paris.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1959 MJH is elected a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, and travels to Belgium.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1959 MJH is appointed President's Fellow and Professor of African Affairs, (first Chair of African Studies in the United States) at Northwestern University; participates in Nigeria's Independence Day and attends the Sixth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences in Paris. Jean receives her PhD. in History from Oxford University, England.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1961 MJH received honorary D.Sc. from Lawrence College; attends the Abidjan Conference on Religion and the International Social Science Council meeting. Jean is hired as lecturer of political science at Brown University.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1962 MJH serves on the Council of African Affairs for the U.S. State Department. In December MJH delivers plenary address at the First International Conference of Africanists in Accra,Ghana; The Human Factor in Changing AfricaNew York: A.A. Knopf, Inc. 1962) is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1962-1967 Jean teaches at Swarthmore.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1963 MJH dies at home in Evanston, Illinois on February 25 at age 67 of a heart attack. Jean Herskovits presents a paper at the annual meeting of the African Studies Association in San Francisco; FSH participates in a seminar given at the University of Nevada. The Melville J. Herskovits Papers are donated to Northwestern University in November.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1964 January-April: FSH travels to Nigeria to do fieldwork with Felicia Ekejiuba, on a project to study the history of the Aro (an Ibo people) of Eastern Region, Nigeria. FSH is added to the List of Associates of Current Anthropology.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1965 FSH is appointed Lecturer in English in the College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University to teach literature of Sub-Saharan Africa (—1968). International lecture exchange between Northwestern and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland in honor of MJH commences. Jean's book, A Preface to Modern Nigeria: The Sierra Leonians in Yoruba, 1830-1890 (University of Wisconsin, 1965) is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1966 The New World Negro, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966), FSH's compilation of MJH's writings, is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1966 January-March : FSH travels to Brazil to the Center for Afro-Oriental Studies, University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil for follow-up on research done in 1941-42; works on manuscript of traditional literary resources and contemporary African writing. Jean appointed Assistant Professor at The City College of New York (-1971).</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1969 FSH receives $2,500 grant from Northwestern U/Ford Foundation to prepare Brazilian field notes (1941-42, 1967) for publication; begins editing MJH's writings, tentatively titled \"Cultural Relativism\".</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1970 The Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies opens at Northwestern University.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1971 Jean becomes Associate Professor at The City College of New York.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1970 May: FSH dies. Jean appointed a National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Fellow.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1973 Cultural Relativism, (New York: Random House, (1973, MJH's writings edited by FSH, with Toni Morrison as in-house editor, is published.</li> <li class=\"chronitem\"> 1977 Jean appointed Full Professor at the State University of New York, Purchase, New York.</li></ul>"}
custodhist: {"value"=>"Portions of the collection were on loan to the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, the National Museum of African Art, Washington, DC, and in private storage in Orlando, Florida. The entire collection was acquired by the Schomburg Center in 1986."}
scopecontent: {"value"=>"The Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits papers consist of the research data (field notes, both handwritten and typed) used for their seminal publications on both Old and New World African cultures, manuscripts of their books and published articles, conference papers and materials relating to their careers as academicians, as well as some personal papers. Correspondence with the following may be found within the Herskovits Papers: PERSONAL PAPERS Series. Nancy Lurie. Letter to Kwame Nkrumah. GENERAL FILE Series. St. Clair Drake. Claude Levi-Strauss (Box 67, f.681). Paul Robeson. Walter White. FRANCES S. HERSKOVITS Series. Arthur Alberts. Robert Armstrong. William Bascomb. Gonzalo Aguirre Beltran. Michael Crowder. Kenneth Onwoka Dike. Robert Hemenway. Alan Lomax Alan P. Merriam. John Messenger. Price, Richard and Sally, (Their research paper, Secret Play Languages in Saramaka: Linguistic Disguise in a Caribbean Creole, (found with correspondence within folder 579). George E. Simpson. William Stewart, (Paper Acculturative Process and the Study of the American Negro found with correspondence). Lorenzo Turner. John Szwed. Papers by the following individuals can be found within the Herskovits Papers: FRANCES S. HERSKOVITS Series. Roger Bastide. Fela Sowande. GENERAL FILE Series. Gonzalo Aguirre Beltran. Franz Boas. John Henrik Clarke. Malcolm Cowley. Germaine Dieterlen. Elton Fax. William Leo Hansberry. Igor Kopytoff. Jacob Lawrence. Claude Levi-Strauss. GENERAL FILE Series. Margaret Mead. Alan P. Merriam. J.H. Kwabena Nketia. Saunders Redding. Maida Springer. Sterling Stuckey. Marion Towle. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SERIES. Ali Mazr."}

{"value"=>"The Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits papers are arranged in seven series:\n<ul class='arrangement series-descriptions'>\n<li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/21226#c1373794'>Personal Papers</a></div>\n<div class='series-date'>1882-1963</div>\n<div class='series-description'>This series consists of Herskovits family papers including correspondence, wills and date books. There is also some earlier documentation relating to Melville Herskovits' parents. The personal correspondence is divided into two main groupings: letters written between Herskovits and family members while he was attending the University of Chicago and Columbia University; and correspondence between Melville and Frances from 1928 to the 1950s, written during periods when the couple was separated. They wrote almost daily letters to each other, full of information about their activities and almost diary-like in their detail. They also reveal a more personal side of the Herskovitses, as a couple obviously devoted to each other.</div></li><li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/21226#c1373819'>Research Materials</a></div>\n<div class='series-date'>1925-1957</div>\n<div class='series-description'>Includes the personal diaries and field notes compiled by the Herskovitses on their trips to Surinam (1927), Dahomey, Gold Coast, Nigeria (1931), Haiti (1936), Trinidad (1939), and Brazil (1941-42), as well as notes and diaries from the Herskovitses' later trips to Africa (1953, 1956-57). Notes from their anthropological field trips are often found in three forms: original handwritten notes on 3x5 paper, or in notebooks; a typewritten copy of the handwritten notes; typed notes, categorized by subject, e.g., Cult Life, Economics, Social Organization. Data from his trips to Africa (1953, 1957) were used by Melville Herskovits in his 1958 testimony before the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate, given to assist in the development of U.S. foreign policy in Africa. Also included are book lists of the Herskovitses' subject areas, and indices to periodical articles, arranged alphabetically by author. There is also a subject and title index to the books and periodicals. Written notes are supplemented by photographs made and collected by the Herskovitses as well as a representative art and artifacts collection, which are located in the Photographs and Prints and Art and Artifacts divisions, respectively, within the Schomburg Center.</div></li><li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/21226#c1374025'>Writings</a></div>\n<div class='series-date'>1920-1963</div>\n<div class='series-description'>The Writings series contains Melville J. Herskovits' published and unpublished writings, notes and fragments of works. Collaborative works done with Frances S. Herskovits are included here. The published articles and reviews have been arranged according to the chronological order of Herskovits's 32-page bibliography and are followed by a bound, seven-volume set of published writings, 1923-1957. Also in this series are lecture and conference papers, transcripts of radio programs and interviews featuring Herskovits. This series contains manuscripts of the books Dahomean Narrative: A Cross-Cultural Analysis (1958), The Human Factor in Changing Africa (1962) and Economic Transition in Africa (1964).</div></li><li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/21226#c1374411'>Frances S. Herskovits</a></div>\n<div class='series-date'>1937-1972</div>\n<div class='series-description'>This series consists of Frances Shapiro Herskovits's personal papers, research materials and writings, both her own and her husband's, which she edited for posthumus publication (New World Negro, Cultural Relativism and Cultural Values). The files contain research and conference papers, and notes from her 1968 trip to Brazil, a follow-up to field research done by the husband-and-wife team between 1941-1942, and her diary from their field trip to Haiti and Trinidad in 1928. There are also syllabi, student papers, notes, correspondence, course outlines and lectures from African literature courses she taught at Northwestern University (1966-1971), as well as conference papers she collected.</div></li><li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/21226#c1374545'>General File</a></div>\n<div class='series-date'>1920-1971</div>\n<div class='series-description'>These files includes correspondence from Paul Robeson, St. Clair Drake, Walter White and Claude Levi-Strauss (Prominent Correspondents), as well as preparation records, itineraries and maps for the 1953, 1957 and 1960 trips to Africa, Herskovits' 1960 trip to Russia, and his trip in 1954 to Trinidad and Brazil to attend the International Anthropological Congress in Sao Paulo. Conference papers by other scholars, published reviews of Herskovits' books and colleague's personal opinions, expressed in correspondence, are located in this series. The list of conference papers included here (Boxes 78-83) and in the Frances S. Herskovits series (Boxes 63-64) is extensive. Included are the American Society of African Culture (1959), Roundtable on Institutional Means of Collaboration between the Social Sciences on a National and International Scale (1961), Conference on the History of Anthropology (1962), and the American Folklore Meeting (1969). Clippings and handbills document such events as the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya. There are also lists of photographs, slides, recordings and motion pictures taken by the Herskovitses, and African and New World art and artifacts collected by them. Lastly, there is a collection of New York City theatre and concert programs, 1920-1926.</div></li><li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/21226#c1374771'>Northwestern University</a></div>\n<div class='series-date'>1930s-1960s</div>\n<div class='series-description'>This series contains Melville J. Herskovits's syllabi, lecture texts and notes, course outlines, printed matter, student field work notes, correspondence and papers presented by participants at conferences held by the Program of African Studies at Northwestern. Herskovits' close working and personal relationships with his students is not represented in this collection. James Fernandez is the only student for whom there exists a significant amount of material (Boxes, 86, 92). Of interest is a file Herskovits compiled of practical tips for first time field workers, provided by students returning from field trips in Africa.</div></li><li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/21226#c1374842'>Jean Herskovits</a></div>\n<div class='series-date'>1937-1968</div>\n<div class='series-description'>Born in 1935, Jean Frances Herskovits travelled with her parents to Brazil for their 1941-1942 field research there. Her experiences in Bahia became the basis for her 1951 honorable-mention Atlantic Monthlyshort story \"Magic or Medicine\". A Professor of African history, Ms. Herskovits received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Swarthmore College in 1956, and her PhD. From Oxford University in England in 1960, writing her dissertation on freed slaves who returned to Africa and the Lagos Colony. Ms. Herskovits has taught at Brown University, Swarthmore College, and The City College of New York from 1961-1977. Since 1977 she has been a professor of history at the State University of New York at Purchase, NY. An author of numerous books on African foreign policy, mainly Nigeria, Ms. Herskovits maintains ties to the areas of her parent's field work through correspondence and trips. This series contains college term papers, a published book review, a bound copy of her dissertation Liberated Africans and the History of the Lagos Colony, and a card file index to her dissertation.</div></li></ul>\n", "type"=>"arrangement"}
arrangement: {"value"=>"Organized into seven series: I. Personal papers; II. Research Materials; III. Writings; IV. Frances S. Herskovits Files; V. General Files; VI. Northwestern University Files; and VII. Jean F. Herskovits Papers.", "supress_display"=>true}
acqinfo: {"value"=>"Gift of Jean Herskovits, 1986."}
separatedmaterial: {"value"=>"The item(s) listed below have been sent to the division indicated, either to be retained or disposed of there. Any items that should receive special disposition are clearly marked. Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division: 1 record carton of books, periodicals, occasional publications 12 maps (list available in Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books division) ca. 119 boxes of books. Schomburg Art and Artifacts Division: 1 poster: Nigerian ministers 1 medium pizza box: water colors, greeting cards, a leather book cover Schomburg Moving Image and Recorded Sound Division: Folkways: Negro religious music - Alabama 1 audiotape (reel) LP: Cook: Haiti Confidential 2 record cartons of records (list available in Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books division) Schomburg Photographs and Print Division: 9 archives boxes of photographs (inventory available in Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books and Photograph and Prints divisions). Illustrations for New World Negro"}
processinfo: {"value"=>"Processed by Sule Greg Wilson, May 1988."}
relatedmaterial: {"value"=>"Melville J. Herskovits papers and Program of African records, Northwestern University Archives, University Library, 1935 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201 United States"}
sponsor: {"value"=>"Schomburg NEH Automated Access to Special Collections Project"}
revisiondesc: {"value"=>"Finding aid updated by Lauren Stark.", "date"=>"2022 February 4"}

{"value"=>"Finding aid updated by Allison Hughes to reflect expiration of restrictions.", "date"=>"2024 May 9"}

{"value"=>"Folders in boxes 36-40 renumbered by Denise Mantey.", "date"=>"2024 September 10"}
date_start: 1902
keydate: 1902
date_end: 1972
date_inclusive_start: 1902
date_inclusive_end: 1972
prefercite: {"value"=>"[Item], Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits papers, Sc MG 261, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library"}

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Melville J. and Frances S. Herskovits papers

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