- unitid
-
{"value"=>"29920", "type"=>"local_mss"}
{"value"=>"Sc MG 963", "type"=>"local_call"}
- unitdate
-
{"value"=>"1973 - 1977", "type"=>"inclusive", "normal"=>"1973/1977"}
- unittitle
-
{"value"=>"Bantu Stephen Biko letters"}
- physdesc
-
{"format"=>"structured", "physdesc_components"=>[{"name"=>"extent", "value"=>"1 folder", "unit"=>"containers"}, {"name"=>"extent", "value"=>"0.01 linear feet", "unit"=>"linear_feet"}], "supress_display"=>true}
- repository
-
{"value"=>"<span class=\"corpname\">Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division</span>"}
- abstract
-
{"value"=>"A rare collection of 12 typed letters signed by Steve Biko, written to the Chief Magistrate of King William's Town between May 16, 1973 and July 19, 1977, just weeks before Biko's death in police custody. The collection also includes 9 carbon copy responses/handwritten memos from the magistrate relating to Biko's requests. This collection of letters shows an increasingly exasperated Biko bravely challenging the petty demands of the apartheid regime."}
- langmaterial
-
{"value"=>"English"}
- prefercite
-
{"value"=>"[Item], Bantu Stephen Biko letters, Sc MG 963, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, The New York Public Library"}
- origination
-
{"value"=>"Biko, Steve, 1946-1977.", "type"=>"persname"}
- bioghist
-
{"value"=>"<p>Bantu Stephen Biko was an anti-Apartheid activist and founder of the South African Students' Organisation (SASO), as well as a leader in the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa. He was born in Tarkastad, South Africa on December 18, 1946; the third of four children born to Mzingaye Mathew Biko and Alice 'Mamcete' Biko. Biko's life's work was to awaken the people: first from their own psychological oppression through recognizing their inferiority complex and restoring their self-worth, dignity, pride and identity; secondly, from the mental and physical oppression of living in a white racist society. In order to deal with activists, critics, and political opponents of the Apartheid regime, the white South African government began to issue banning orders to punish and disperse the leadership of the Black Consciousness Movement. Banning was an extreme form of restriction, where an individual's movement was confined to a specific magisterial district. The harsh aspects of banning prevented one from entering institutions of learning, from talking to or interacting with the press, from publishing, and from attending gatherings of any kind. Individuals who received banning orders were in charge of their own imprisonment. If they failed to adhere to the guidelines of their bannings, they were subject to further punishment and imprisonment by the Security Police of South Africa. In 1973, Biko was 26 years old when he was banned to his mother's residence in King William's Town. In 1977, Biko was arrested for travelling outside of his magisterial district to Cape Town. He was killed while in police custody on September 12, 1977.</p>"}
- scopecontent
-
{"value"=>"<p>A rare collection of 12 typed letters signed by Steve Biko, written to the Chief Magistrate of King William's Town between May 16, 1973 and July 19, 1977, just weeks before Biko's death in police custody. The collection also includes 9 carbon copy responses/handwritten memos from the magistrate relating to Biko's requests. This collection of letters shows an increasingly exasperated Biko bravely challenging the petty demands of the apartheid regime.</p>"}
{"value"=>"<p class='list-head'>The Bantu Stephen Biko letters are arranged in two series:</p>\n<ul class='arrangement series-descriptions'>\n<li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/29920#c1572535'>Letters from Bantu Stephen Biko</a></div>\n</li><li><div class='series-title'><a href='/scm/29920#c1572548'>Letters to Bantu Stephen Biko</a></div>\n</li></ul>\n", "type"=>"arrangement"}
- arrangement
-
{"value"=>"<p>The Bantu Stephen Biko letters collection is comprised of 21 letters and is arranged in two sub-series: Letters from Bantu Stephen Biko (12) and Letters to Bantu Stephen Biko (9).</p>", "supress_display"=>true}
- acqinfo
-
{"value"=>"<p>Purchase, Glenn Horowitz Bookseller, 2019.</p>"}
- processinfo
-
{"value"=>"<p>Processed by Barrye Brown, 2019.</p>"}
- date_start
-
1973
- keydate
-
1973
- date_end
-
1977
- date_inclusive_start
-
1973
- date_inclusive_end
-
1977
- extent_statement
-
0.01 linear feet (1 folder)