Found 17 collections related to United States. Army

The all-Black 99th Pursuit Squadron was created by the U.S. Army in 1941, with the proviso that the pilots would be strictly segregated. The airfield at Tuskegee, Alabama, was chosen as their training site, thus they became known as the Tuskegee Airmen. The Tuskegee Airmen Trainees: Freeman Field Mutiny collection consists of documents relating to a case of racial discrimination that resulted in the arrest of over a hundred African American officers and their subsequent exoneration. less

Lawrence D. Reddick served as curator of the Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature, 1939-1948. An African-American historian, Reddick was interested in the role of the black soldier in U.S. wars and published on this topic. Concerned that the role of black soldiers during World War II would not be portrayed accurately by the government, the mainstream or black press, Reddick initiated a campaign to document the experiences of blacks in the military using their first hand accounts. He placed an ad in newspapers served by the Associated Negro Press, requesting that letters written by black soldiers to their families be sent to the Schomburg Collection. In addition, he conducted interviews with black servicemen and women from 1944 to 1946, and collected memorabilia and other World War II related items. The Lawrence D. Reddick World War II Project Collection, 1943-1953 (bulk 1943-1945) consists of correspondence with black servicemen and women, summaries of interviews Reddick conducted, as well as research files maintained by him. The series Letters and Interviews, 1943-1945 consists of more than a hundred letters that black servicemen and officers, and a few black servicewomen, wrote principally to their families and friends relating the individuals' experiences. The servicemen were stationed in all of the theaters of operation, and some were stateside at various training camps throughout the United States. Of note is a letter Dwight Eisenhower wrote in 1947 in response to a letter from Reddick, stating his opposition to discrimination of American soldiers based upon color or race. Also included in the collection are summaries of interviews Reddick conducted between 1944 and 1946 in Harlem with former servicemen and officers. The interviewees were forthright in their discussions about their experiences with both black and white soldiers and officers, and the people in the countries where they served. There are also summaries of interviews with several black servicewomen and one white serviceman, as well as civilians. Individuals interviewed include William E. Artis (artist), Warren Cuney (writer), Benjamin O. Davis (Air Force General), Ewart Guinier (who later headed the first African-American Studies Department at Harvard University), William H. Hastie (civil rights attorney), Roi Ottley (author and journalist) Leigh Whipper (actor). less

Correspondence, reports, rosters listing names of troops, ledgers, performance evaluations, and discharge papers, relating to Rudd's command of I Company, 48th Infantry, an all African-American unit fighting in the Spanish-American War, and the administration of Benguet Province in the Philippines. Includes a map of the province and notes on its agriculture. less

Francis Vinton Greene (1850-1921) was an American soldier, engineer and author. His military duties included serving as military attaché in Russia in 1877, teaching at West Point, and commanding volunteers during the Spanish-American War. In 1903 he was appointed Police Commissioner of New York City. He also worked as an engineer on various projects and wrote military histories. Collection consists of Greene's correspondence, his papers pertaining to service in the Spanish-American War, speeches, miscellaneous materials, and books. Correspondence, 1801-1921, includes general correspondence; letters from Theodore Roosevelt, Major General Emory Upton and General William Tecumseh Sherman; and family letters. Spanish-American War papers, 1898-1900, contain orders, telegrams, accounts, reports, and some correspondence. Speeches, 1898-1918, were given by Greene as a soldier, businessman and police commissioner. Miscellaneous papers, 1801-1915, consist of a wide range of materials relating to all aspects of Greene's life and include genealogical information, orders, maps, memoranda, drafts of articles and reports, notes, photographs, and clippings. Bound volumes are orderly books (including 1776 orderly book of Nathanael Greene), writings on military tactics, diaries kept by Greene, and correspondence. less

DeWitt Clinton Falls (1864-1937) was a military historian. Collection consists of reports, articles and manuscripts of writings by Falls, clippings, photographs, and drawings. Includes materials related to European and American military uniforms; the armies of Belgium and Great Britain in 1914; and military affairs in England, France, Italy, and elsewhere in Europe, 1926-1930. less

Francis Randall Hagner (1873-1940), a collector of Americana, practiced medicine in Washington, D.C. A specialist in genito-urinary surgery, he was an attending physician to U.S. President William H. Taft. Collection consists of typed copies of letters, diaries, articles, court martial proceedings, and printed matter concerning General George A. Custer and the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876. Typed transcripts are of the writings of participants in the campaign as well as contemporary and later commentators on the Indian Wars. Among the transcripts are accounts of the battle, commentary on Custer's participation in the Battle of the Washita in 1868, Custer's 1867 court martial, 1876 diary and article by General E.S. Godfrey, Court of Inquiry of Major Marcus A. Reno, and manuscript autobiography of Major General George Crook. Also, clippings and articles on the Indian Wars and related topics. less

Bernard A. Reinold, a theatrical manager, kept this diary from December 17, 1917 through December 17, 1918 during his service as a Captain in the quartermaster's corps of the United States Army. Entries describe his passage to England by Naval convoy, his return journey, and camp life at Winchester, England. Reinold's duties included arranging theatrical and social entertainments for the troops. Some entries also refer to his social life and visits to London, and the volume also served as his officer's record book less

Collection consists of Pope's correspondence and other papers, records of the Institute and scrapbooks of clippings. General correspondence, 1921-1951 (bulk from 1920s and 1930s) of Pope concerns his work as an art adviser, trips to Iran, exhibitions of Persian art, writing, lecturing and other professional activities, and personal matters. Some correspondence is with his wife, Dr. Phyllis Ackerman (1893-1977), and relates to their work as Iran specialists. Reprints, manuscripts and typescripts, ca. 1930-1951, of speeches and articles by Pope, Ackerman and others are included, as well as page proofs of the Survey of Persian Art. Also, correspondence, reports, minutes and printed material from political committees with which Pope was involved, and miscellaneous personal and financial papers. Records of the Institute, ca. 1930-1951, consist of correspondence, most of which is Pope's as director; and minutes, financial documents, reports, memoranda, press releases, radio scripts, and printed materials. Topics include exhibitions, conferences, lectures, celebrations, and concerts, as well as the Institute's archives, library, museum, and bookshop. Also covered are archaeological expeditions and anthropological work, fundraising and other financial matters, activities of the School for Asiatic Studies which was part of the Institute, and board and committee business. less

The Charles Matlack Price letters are comprised of letters written by Price to his fiancée (later wife), Marguerite Meade Wurzburg between 1918 and 1923, and correspondence between Price and others (1917-1947). Topics discussed include daily life in New York, Price's financial constraints, his military service, and his work. less

Dr. Victor Hugo Paltsits (1867-1952), archivist and librarian, was head of the Manuscripts Division of the New York Public Library from 1895-1941. Albert L. Diebolt was an instructor at the State Normal School of Plattsburgh, New York, who was involved in a deadly automobile collision with a truck belonging to the United States Army. The papers consist of correspondence with Dr. Paltsits and others, briefs, and clippings documenting the effort on behalf of Albert Diebolt to secure a settlement from the United States government following the accident which seriously injured Diebolt and his elder son, and killed Diebolt's wife and younger son less

William Holmes Dyer was an African American physician in Kansas who served in World War I. While in Kansas, he was a member of the staff at Old General Hospital and was the medical examiner for Standard Life Insurance Company. Dyer was appointed a First Lieutenant in the Medical Reserve Corps of the 92nd Division, which saw action in France. He was trained at the special training camp for Black officers at Ft. Des Moines, Iowa, and was later assigned to the 317th Sanitary Train at Camp Funston, Kansas. In June of 1918, he set sail for France. These memoirs are written in a narrative form, and begin at the point that Dyer decided to enlist in the Army, continue through the Armistice and his return to the States, and end wtih his discharge from the Army. Dyer briefly discusses the period spent at Ft. Des Moines and Camp Funston and the voyage to France. He gives his impressions of the people and his surroundings in Brest, France, where his Division landed, and other cities and towns where they traveled as they made their way to the Western Front. Once at the front, there are no descriptions of battles, only of the death and destruction caused by the bombings and battles. He barely discusses his medical duties and only makes some mention of racial incidents, segregation, and racism in the Army. The memoir is handwritten and bound. Pasted into the volume are photographs of soldiers at Camps Funston and Riley in Kansas, postcards from France, and The New York Times clipping, "Buffaloes Return Colors from War". Also included are memoranda from Headquarters, copies of circulars from the 317th Ammunition Train, and his orders from the War Department. A photograph of Dyer is located on the page fronting the section titled "Brest, France". A transcription of the memoirs accompanies the manuscript. less

The 555th Parachute Infantry Battalion (PIB), formed in 1944, was the first African American parachute unit to actually use parachutes in the military; the first to become smoke jumpers who fought forest fires; and the first African American battalion to integrate the armed forces just months before President Truman officially directed the integration of the United States military.This collection is comprised of newspaper articles, letters, photocopies of pictures, and lists of members. less

Collection of material relating to Sergeant-Major Fleetwood during the Civil War and after his return to civilian life; and individual black soldiers before and during the Spanish American War (War of 1898). Collection includes a biography of Fleetwood; a letter from a colleague of Fleetwood's to the retired President of Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) concerning himself and Fleetwood; an 1897 clipping regarding a speech by Fleetwood at a black high school in Washington, D.C.; and handwritten and typed sketches about black soldiers in various infantry and cavalry regiments, noting incidents of bravery (1879-1898). less

James Reese Europe was an accomplished musician, composer, conductor, organizer, and recording artist. The collection primarily consists of photocopied secondary sources, newspaper clippings, and programs collected by James R. Europe, Jr. to document his father's accomplishments. less

The Sports collection depicts some aspects of African-American participation in sporting events and athletic competition, mainly from the 1940s to the mid-1980s. Sports represented in the collection consist of: baseball, basketball, body building, bowling, boxing, car racing, fencing, football, golf, gymnastics, hockey, horse racing, martial arts, miscellaneous sports, the Olympic Games, roller skating, soccer, swimming, tennis, and track and field. The collection consists of individual and group portraits and candid shots of professional, amateur and youth group athletes, mostly male, as well as some coaches, owners and sports fans; views and candid shots of sporting events and competitions; some views of sports classes and athletic training sessions; views of sports award ceremonies and charity events; and some publicty shots. The sports most heavily depicted in the collection are baseball, basketball, boxing, football and track and field. The collection is limited in depicting sports figures and events from the nineteenth century to the 1930s, and from the 1990s to the present. less

Born in Columbia, Tennessee, in 1867, Melvin McCaw was a veteran of the Spanish-American wars in Cuba and the Philippines, and a non-commissioned officer in the 9th Regiment of U.S. Cavalry, the first detachment of African American troops assigned to West Point in 1907. Military records documenting Melvin McCaw's career as a non-commissioned officer in the 9th Regiment of the U.S. Cavalry from 1896 to 1917, and the activities of this segregated African American regiment at West Point after 1907. The collection consists of McCaw's certificates of discharge and reenlistment, including his 1917 memorandum regarding his retirement; letters from military and civilian authorities commenting favorably on the behavior of troops at West Point and on their efficiency and good spirit; military reports; McCaw's certificates of marksmanship (1896) and of proficiency in Cavalry and Drill, Outpost Duty and Army Regulations (1905); and newspaper articles relating to activities of the Lincoln League of Colored Citizens in Newburgh, New York, in 1908. The collection includes both original and photocopies. less